In March 2022, during the height of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, global leaders scrambled to coordinate sanctions, mobilize humanitarian relief, and manage a torrent of disinformation. The pace and complexity of their deliberations, turbocharged by secure messaging, artificial intelligence, and public scrutiny via social media, would have been unthinkable a century ago. Today’s diplomacy unfolds not in gilded palace chambers but on secure servers, Twitter threads, and amid a cacophony of real-time leaks and cyber threats.

In an era of heated debate about American decline and Chinese ascendance, Paul Kennedy's The Rise and Fall...

The concept of the Global South emerged from the Non-Aligned Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, when newly independent nations sought to chart courses independent of Cold War superpowers. The 1955 Bandung Conference, bringing together 29 African and Asian nations, established principles of sovereignty, non-interference, and South-South cooperation that continue to influence contemporary Global South politics.

In September 2025, when the United Nations General Assembly unanimously adopted a landmark resolution establishing the first truly...