Global

International institutions, great power competition, international law and the forces shaping world order. Pieces here cover the United Nations, the international courts, multilateral diplomacy and the systemic pressures on the rules-based order — stories that belong to no single geography but implicate all of them.

Hybrid Warfare 2.0: How Disinformation, Cyberattacks, and Proxy Conflicts Define Modern War

Hybrid warfare concepts trace back to ancient strategies of deception and subversion, but the digital age has exponentially expanded their scope and effectiveness. Soviet-era "active measures" provided early blueprints for information warfare, while China's "Three Warfares" doctrine—psychological, m

By Sunny Peter

/ 19 Aug 2025

Hybrid Warfare 2.0: How Disinformation, Cyberattacks, and Proxy Conflicts Define Modern War

Rise of Middle Powers: How India, Turkey, and Brazil Are Reshaping Global Order

The traditional bipolar and unipolar frameworks that defined the Cold War and post-Cold War eras are giving way to a more complex multipolar system where countries like India, Turkey, Brazil, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia wield disproportionate influence relative to their raw power capabilities. These

By Sunny Peter

/ 19 Aug 2025

Rise of Middle Powers: How India, Turkey, and Brazil Are Reshaping Global Order

Return of Great Power Competition: How the U.S., China, and Russia Are Reshaping the World Order

This return to great power competition represents more than a nostalgic replay of Cold War dynamics. Unlike the ideologically rigid bipolar confrontation of the 20th century, today's competition unfolds across multiple dimensions—economic, technological, military, and normative—while operating withi

By Sunny Peter

/ 19 Aug 2025

Return of Great Power Competition: How the U.S., China, and Russia Are Reshaping the World Order

Digital Diplomacy: How Social Media Is Rewriting the Rules of International Relations

Today's diplomatic landscape reflects this transformation through the proliferation of "digital embassies," virtual diplomatic missions that exist primarily online, and the emergence of "citizen diplomacy," where individuals and non-governmental organizations conduct quasi-diplomatic activities thro

By Sunny Peter

/ 19 Aug 2025

Digital Diplomacy: How Social Media Is Rewriting the Rules of International Relations

Global South Rising: How Developing Nations Are Reshaping World Politics

The concept of the Global South emerged from the Non-Aligned Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, when newly independent nations sought to chart courses independent of Cold War superpowers. The 1955 Bandung Conference, bringing together 29 African and Asian nations, established principles of sovereignty

By Sunny Peter

/ 19 Aug 2025

Global South Rising: How Developing Nations Are Reshaping World Politics

Future of War: How Technology Is Rewriting the Rules of Global Conflict

Military technology has always driven changes in warfare, from gunpowder's democratization of medieval battlefields to aviation's transformation of 20th-century conflict. However, the current technological revolution differs in both scope and speed. Where previous innovations typically enhanced exis

By Sunny Peter

/ 19 Aug 2025

Future of War: How Technology Is Rewriting the Rules of Global Conflict

Balance of Power: Why Classical Theory Still Shapes Our Multipolar World

Balance-of-power theory emerged from centuries of European statecraft, crystallized by thinkers like Hans Morgenthau and Kenneth Waltz into a core principle of international relations: states naturally seek to prevent any single power from achieving hegemony. The theory posits that when one state gr

By Sunny Peter

/ 19 Aug 2025

Balance of Power: Why Classical Theory Still Shapes Our Multipolar World

Soft Power vs. Hard Power: Which Matters More in Global Politics Today?

The distinction between hard power—military force and economic coercion—and soft power—cultural attraction and ideological persuasion—has never been more relevant or complex. China's Belt and Road Initiative combines massive infrastructure investments with cultural exchanges and educational programs

By Sunny Peter

/ 18 Aug 2025

Soft Power vs. Hard Power: Which Matters More in Global Politics Today?

Privatization of Conflict: The Growing Role of Mercenaries and PMCs in World Affairs

Understanding the rise of private military companies has become essential for grasping modern conflict dynamics, state sovereignty evolution, and international accountability challenges. These entities blur traditional distinctions between state and non-state actors, combatants and contractors, legi

By Sunny Peter

/ 18 Aug 2025

Privatization of Conflict: The Growing Role of Mercenaries and PMCs in World Affairs

Water Wars & Resource Diplomacy: How Transboundary Rivers Shape 21st Century Conflict and Cooperation

Understanding transboundary water dynamics has become essential for grasping contemporary international relations. With over 260 river basins and 600 aquifers crossing national boundaries, water diplomacy affects nearly every region of the world. Climate change is intensifying both droughts and floo

By Sunny Peter

/ 18 Aug 2025

Water Wars & Resource Diplomacy: How Transboundary Rivers Shape 21st Century Conflict and Cooperation

New Great Game: Geopolitics of the Arctic and Antarctic in an Era of Climate Change

The world's polar regions are experiencing the most rapid environmental transformation in human history. Arctic temperatures are rising twice as fast as the global average, while Antarctic ice sheets show accelerating melt rates that threaten global sea levels. These changes aren't just environmenta

By Sunny Peter

/ 18 Aug 2025

New Great Game: Geopolitics of the Arctic and Antarctic in an Era of Climate Change

Geopolitics of AI: How Technology is Rewiring Global Power Structures

Artificial intelligence is no longer just a technological breakthrough—it is reshaping the foundations of global power. From the U.S.–China rivalry to Europe’s regulatory push and the Gulf’s AI-driven ambitions, the geopolitics of AI reveals a world in flux. This article explores how AI is transform

By Sunny Peter

/ 18 Aug 2025

Geopolitics of AI: How Technology is Rewiring Global Power Structures