The concept of the Global South emerged from the Non-Aligned Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, when newly independent nations sought to chart courses independent of Cold War superpowers. The 1955 Bandung Conference, bringing together 29 African and Asian nations, established principles of sovereignty, non-interference, and South-South cooperation that continue to influence contemporary Global South politics.
The transition to multipolarity represents the most significant transformation in global power distribution since 1991. Unlike the bipolar Cold War system that divided the world into two competing blocs, today's multipolar order features multiple centers of power with overlapping spheres of influence, competing governance models, and fluid alliance structures. This shift fundamentally alters how international politics operates, from trade negotiations to security arrangements.